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Enhanced penetration strategies for transdermal delivery

Qiaofei Pan, Yinglin Yu, Dong Chen, Genlong Jiao, Xiaowen Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 378-388 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1913-1

摘要： Transdermal delivery offers several advantages in drug distribution, including convenience, painless administration, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and ease of termination. However, the natural protective barriers of the skin, such as the stratum corneum, the topmost layer of skin, limit the systemic absorption of external therapeutics via transdermal delivery. Therefore, extensive application of transdermal delivery in medical treatment has been limited. Over the past few years, many formulation strategies and physical technologies, therefore, have been developed to enhance transdermal delivery. This review summarizes various formulation strategies proposed for transdermal delivery and their application in medical treatment.

关键词： transdermal delivery     stratum corneum     enhanced penetration     therapeutics    

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Hollow-fiber gas penetration electrodes efficiently produce renewable synthetic fuels

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 700-705 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0842-8

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Liquefaction prediction using support vector machine model based on cone penetration data

Pijush SAMUI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 72-82 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0185-y

摘要： A support vector machine (SVM) model has been developed for the prediction of liquefaction susceptibility as a classification problem, which is an imperative task in earthquake engineering. This paper examines the potential of SVM model in prediction of liquefaction using actual field cone penetration test (CPT) data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. The SVM, a novel learning machine based on statistical theory, uses structural risk minimization (SRM) induction principle to minimize the error. Using cone resistance ( ) and cyclic stress ratio ( ), model has been developed for prediction of liquefaction using SVM. Further an attempt has been made to simplify the model, requiring only two parameters ( and maximum horizontal acceleration ), for prediction of liquefaction. Further, developed SVM model has been applied to different case histories available globally and the results obtained confirm the capability of SVM model. For Chi-Chi earthquake, the model predicts with accuracy of 100%, and in the case of global data, SVM model predicts with accuracy of 89%. The effect of capacity factor ( ) on number of support vector and model accuracy has also been investigated. The study shows that SVM can be used as a practical tool for prediction of liquefaction potential, based on field CPT data.

关键词： earthquake     cone penetration test     liquefaction     support vector machine (SVM)     prediction    

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In situ-based assessment of soil liquefaction potential–Case study of an earth dam in Tunisia

Ikram GUETTAYA,Mohamed Ridha EL OUNI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 456-461 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0259-5

摘要： The present paper examines the evaluation of liquefaction potential of an earth dam foundation in Tunisia. The assessment of soil liquefaction was made using deterministic and probabilistic simplified procedures developed from several case histories. The data collected from the field investigation performed before and after the vibrocompaction are analyzed and the results are reported. The obtained results show that after vibrocompaction, a significant improvement of the soil resistance reduces the liquefaction potential of the sandy foundation. Indeed, in the untreated layers, the factor of safety drops below 1 which means that the soil is susceptible for liquefaction. However, in the compacted horizons, the values of exceed the unit which justifies the absence of liquefaction hazard of the foundation.

关键词： liquefaction     cone penetration test (CPT)     standard penetration test (SPT)     vibrcompaction     sand    

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Influence of short chain ceramides and lipophilic penetration enhancers on the nano-structure of stratum

Annett SCHROETER, Tanja ENGELBRECHT, Reinhard H. H. NEUBERT

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 29-36 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1302-0

摘要： Oriented stratum corneum model lipid membranes were used to study the influence of the short chain ceramides (CER)[NP] and [AP] as well as the impact of the lipophilic penetration enhancer molecules oleic acid (OA) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) on the lipid nanostructure. The influence of the enhancer molecules were studied using specifically deuterated OA and IPM and neutron diffraction. H NMR spectroscopy was used to study the impact of the ceramides’ degree of order within the stratum corneum model lipid membranes. It was found that CER[NP] forms two very stable phases with high resistance against temperature increase. Phase B showed unusual hydration behavior as no water uptake of this phase was observed. The H NMR spectroscopic measurements showed that CER[NP] based ternary model system had a higher state of lamellar order in comparison to CER[AP] based lipid matrix. The studies confirmed that the short chain ceramides, particularly CER[NP], have a very high impact on the integrity of the Stratum corneum lipid bilayers. The penetration enhancer OA has not influenced the repeat distance of the model membrane based on CER[AP], and was not able to induce a phase separation in the investigated lipid matrix. However, a disorder and a fluidisation of the model membranes were observed when OA was incorporated. IPM showed the same effect but two phases (assigned as phase A and B) appeared, when IPM was used as penetration enhancer and incorporated into the model membrane. Furthermore, two arrangements of IPM were identified in phase A using deuterated IPM. A model of the nanostructure of the Stratum corneum lipid membranes is presented.

关键词： nano-structure of the stratum corneum     ceramide     penetration enhancer     model membrane     neutron diffraction     2H NMR spectroscopy    

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Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 442-447 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0076-9

摘要： When multi-component flux AF305 is used as surface activating flux for an aluminum alloy, the weld pene tration of activating flux-tungsten inert-gas (A-TIG) welding is over two times more than that of conventional TIG welding. Using A-TIG welding with the modes of alternating current (AC), direct current electrode negative (DCEN) and direct current electrode positive (DCEP), respectively, the flux differently affects weld penetration when the polarity is different. After studied the effect of compelled arc con striction on weld penetration of AC welding, it is believed that the constriction of the whole arc root is not the main mechanism that flux AF305 dramatically improves weld penetration. The penetration has a relationship with the separate distribution of slag on the weld surface. Then, an observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an electronic data systems (EDS) analysis of slag were performed respectively. The separate distribution of slag on the weld pool during welding and the great constriction of arc spots were confirmed by TIG welding with helium shielding gas. The relationship between slag distribution and weld penetration was studied by adding aluminum powder into flux AF305 to change the distribution of slag. During welding, the separate distribution of slag on the weld pool results in the great constriction of arc spots, an increase in arc spot force, and an increase in Lorentz force within the arc and weld pool. Finally, the weld penetration is increased.

关键词： A-TIG welding     surface     DCEN     electrode negative     increase    

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NIG-AP：一种自动化渗透测试新方法 Regular Papers-Research Articles

Tian-yang ZHOU, Yi-chao ZANG, Jun-hu ZHU, Qing-xian WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第20卷 第9期   页码 1277-1298 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800532

摘要： 渗透测试在发现网络脆弱性与评估网络安全状态方面发挥着重要作用。但是，渗透测试过程只能由安全专家进行，造成了大量时间、人力开销。自动化渗透测试为解决该问题提供了思路，其中最为关键的是攻击规划。不少学者对攻击路径发现进行了大量深入研究，但是大都基于完备的网络拓扑信息，这与实际渗透测试情况不符。为了从攻击者视角发现网络中存在的所有攻击路径，提出一种基于网络信息增益的攻击规划算法（NIG-AP），该算法将渗透测试过程形式化为马尔科夫决策过程，并利用网络信息构建回报函数，并指导代理从入侵者角度发现隐藏的攻击路径，选择最佳响应操作。实验结果表明本文提出的算法能够有效提高攻击路径发现效率。

关键词： 渗透测试；强化学习；经典规划；部分观测的马尔科夫决策过程    

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人工神经网络在弹体侵彻混凝土深度中的应用

李建光,李永池,王玉岚

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第8期   页码 77-81

摘要：

针对弹体对混凝土材料侵彻深度问题，通过量纲分析和神经网络理论，建立了弹体侵彻深度h网络输出量与弹体长度lp、弹的长径比 lp/d、弹体形状系数ψ、弹体与混凝土的比强度σyt/σyp、弹体与混凝土的密度比ρp/ρt等13个网络输入量之间的非线性映射关系。并采用 RBF网络模型，通过Forrestal等文献的试验样本对网络模型训练，获得了弹体对混凝土材料侵彻深度的网络模型，输出结果满意。

关键词： 神经网络     量纲分析     侵彻混凝土深度     非线性映射关系     RBF网络    

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between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration

Chunyan QUAN,Wei WANG,Jian ZHOU,Rong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0357-7

摘要： This paper presented an investigation on a stiffened joint in practical engineering which was between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds. Through the low-frequency cyclic loading test, the cyclic behavior and failure mode of the specimen were investigated. The results of the test indicated the failure mode and bearing capacity of the specimen which were influenced by the axial compression ratio of the concrete-filled tubular column. On the contrary, the inner diaphragm and inner stiffeners had limited impacts on the hysteretic behavior of the joint. There was no hysteresis damage fracture on the narrow outer diaphragm connected to the concrete-filled steel tubular column with partial joint penetration welds. Due to the excellent ductility and energy dissipating capacity, the proposed joint could be applied to the seismic design of high-rise buildings in highly intensive seismic region, but axial compression ratio should be controlled to avoid unfavorable failure modes.

关键词： narrow outer diaphragm     concrete-filled tubular column     joint     inner and outer stiffening     cyclic behavior    

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Prediction of the shear wave velocity

Amoroso SARA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 83-92 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0234-6

摘要： The paper examines the correlations to obtain rough estimates of the shear wave velocity from non-seismic dilatometer tests (DMT) and cone penetration tests (CPT). While the direct measurement of is obviously preferable, these correlations may turn out useful in various circumstances. The experimental results at six international research sites suggest that the DMT predictions of from the parameters (material index), (horizontal stress index), (constrained modulus) are more reliable and consistent than the CPT predictions from (cone resistance), presumably because of the availability, by DMT, of the stress history index .

关键词： horizontal stress index     shear wave velocity     flat dilatometer test     cone penetration test    

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Nanoparticle-enhanced coolants in machining: mechanism, application, and prospects

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0769-8

摘要： Nanoparticle-enhanced coolants (NPECs) are increasingly used in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining as a green lubricant to replace conventional cutting fluids to meet the urgent need for carbon emissions and achieve sustainable manufacturing. However, the thermophysical properties of NPEC during processing remain unclear, making it difficult to provide precise guidance and selection principles for industrial applications. Therefore, this paper reviews the action mechanism, processing properties, and future development directions of NPEC. First, the laws of influence of nano-enhanced phases and base fluids on the processing performance are revealed, and the dispersion stabilization mechanism of NPEC in the preparation process is elaborated. Then, the unique molecular structure and physical properties of NPECs are combined to elucidate their unique mechanisms of heat transfer, penetration, and anti-friction effects. Furthermore, the effect of NPECs is investigated on the basis of their excellent lubricating and cooling properties by comprehensively and quantitatively evaluating the material removal characteristics during machining in turning, milling, and grinding applications. Results showed that turning of Ti‒6Al‒4V with multi-walled carbon nanotube NPECs with a volume fraction of 0.2% resulted in a 34% reduction in tool wear, an average decrease in cutting force of 28%, and a 7% decrease in surface roughness Ra, compared with the conventional flood process. Finally, research gaps and future directions for further applications of NPECs in the industry are presented.

关键词： nanoparticle-enhanced coolant     minimum quantity lubrication     biolubricant     thermophysical properties     turning     milling     grinding    

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A review on the application of nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1165-1197 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2120-4

摘要： Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been widely used to recover residual oil after the primary or secondary oil recovery processes. Compared to conventional methods, chemical EOR has demonstrated high oil recovery and low operational costs. Nanofluids have received extensive attention owing to their advantages of low cost, high oil recovery, and wide applicability. In recent years, nanofluids have been widely used in EOR processes. Moreover, several studies have focused on the role of nanofluids in the nanofluid EOR (N-EOR) process. However, the mechanisms related to N-EOR are unclear, and several of the mechanisms established are chaotic and contradictory. This review was conducted by considering heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics; nanofluid-assisted EOR methods; multiscale, multiphase pore/core displacement experiments; and multiphase flow fluid-solid coupling simulations. Nanofluids can alter the wettability of minerals (particle/surface micromechanics), oil/water interfacial tension (heavy oil molecules/water micromechanics), and structural disjoining pressure (heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics). They can also cause viscosity reduction (micromechanics of heavy oil molecules). Nanofoam technology, nanoemulsion technology, and injected fluids were used during the EOR process. The mechanism of N-EOR is based on the nanoparticle adsorption effect. Nanoparticles can be adsorbed on mineral surfaces and alter the wettability of minerals from oil-wet to water-wet conditions. Nanoparticles can also be adsorbed on the oil/water surface, which alters the oil/water interfacial tension, resulting in the formation of emulsions. Asphaltenes are also adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles, which reduces the asphaltene content in heavy oil, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of oil, which helps in oil recovery. In previous studies, most researchers only focused on the results, and the nanoparticle adsorption properties have been ignored. This review presents the relationship between the adsorption properties of nanoparticles and the N-EOR mechanisms. The nanofluid behaviour during a multiphase core displacement process is also discussed, and the corresponding simulation is analysed. Finally, potential mechanisms and future directions of N-EOR are proposed. The findings of this study can further the understanding of N-EOR mechanisms from the perspective of heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics, as well as clarify the role of nanofluids in multiphase core displacement experiments and simulations. This review also presents limitations and bottlenecks, guiding researchers to develop methods to synthesise novel nanoparticles and conduct further research.

关键词： nanofluid     EOR mechanism     nanoparticle adsorption     interface property     internal property    

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Generation of enhanced stability of SnO/In(OH)/InP for photocatalytic water splitting by SnO protection

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 710-720 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0764-x

摘要： InP shows a very high efficiency for solar light to electricity conversion in solar cell and may present an expectation property in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, it suffers serious corrosion in water dispersion. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the stability and activity of the InP-based catalyst are effectively enhanced by applying an anti-corrosion SnO layer and In(OH)3 transition layer, which reduces the crystal mismatch between SnO and InP and increases charge transfer. The obtained Pt/SnO/In(OH)3/InP exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 144.42 µmol/g in 3 h under visible light illumination in multi-cycle tests without remarkable decay, 123 times higher than that of naked In(OH)3/InP without any electron donor under visible irradiation.

关键词： SnO/In(OH)3/InP photocatalyst     enhanced activity and stability for water splitting     corrosion inhibition     enhancing charge transfer and decreasing crystal mismatch    

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CO, N, and CO/N mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO geological storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 428-445 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0865-9

摘要： In this work, using fractured shale cores, isothermal adsorption experiments and core flooding tests were conducted to investigate the performance of injecting different gases to enhance shale gas recovery and CO2 geological storage efficiency under real reservoir conditions. The adsorption process of shale to different gases was in agreement with the extended-Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacity of CO2 was the largest, followed by CH4, and that of N2 was the smallest of the three pure gases. In addition, when the CO2 concentration in the mixed gas exceeded 50%, the adsorption capacity of the mixed gas was greater than that of CH4, and had a strong competitive adsorption effect. For the core flooding tests, pure gas injection showed that the breakthrough time of CO2 was longer than that of N2, and the CH4 recovery factor at the breakthrough time (RCH4) was also higher than that of N2. The RCH4 of CO2 gas injection was approximately 44.09%, while the RCH4 of N2 was only 31.63%. For CO2/N2 mixed gas injection, with the increase of CO2 concentration, the RCH4 increased, and the RCH4 for mixed gas CO2/N2 = 8:2 was close to that of pure CO2, about 40.24%. Moreover, the breakthrough time of N2 in mixed gas was not much different from that when pure N2 was injected, while the breakthrough time of CO2 was prolonged, which indicated that with the increase of N2 concentration in the mixed gas, the breakthrough time of CO2 could be extended. Furthermore, an abnormal surge of N2 concentration in the produced gas was observed after N2 breakthrough. In regards to CO2 storage efficiency (Sstorage-CO2), as the CO2 concentration increased, Sstorage-CO2 also increased. The Sstorage-CO2 of the pure CO2 gas injection was about 35.96%, while for mixed gas CO2/N2 = 8:2, Sstorage-CO2 was about 32.28%.

关键词： shale gas     gas injection     competitive adsorption     enhanced shale gas recovery     CO2 geological storage    

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A MYB-INDUCED MECHANISM FOR ENHANCED ASCORBATE IN RED-FLESHED APPLES

Richard V. ESPLEY, Kuilin WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》   页码 356-357 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021381

摘要： The results presented in “The anthocyanin biosynthetic regulator MdMYB1 positively regulates ascorbic acid biosynthesis in apple” (An et al., this issue) provide evidence for a new mechanism for the elevation of ascorbate concentration in apple. Using a red-fleshed apple breeding population, the authors show how the anthocyanin-regulating MYB transcription factor, MdMYB1, also increases ascorbate concentrations by directly activating transcription of the dehydroascorbate reductase gene . This gene recycles oxidized ascorbate back to ascorbate, leading to elevated concentrations of vitamin C. These red-fleshed apples have enhanced concentrations of both anthocyanins and ascorbate, both of which are appealing traits for the development of healthier apples.
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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Enhanced penetration strategies for transdermal delivery

Qiaofei Pan, Yinglin Yu, Dong Chen, Genlong Jiao, Xiaowen Liu

期刊论文

Hollow-fiber gas penetration electrodes efficiently produce renewable synthetic fuels

期刊论文

Liquefaction prediction using support vector machine model based on cone penetration data

Pijush SAMUI

期刊论文

In situ-based assessment of soil liquefaction potential–Case study of an earth dam in Tunisia

Ikram GUETTAYA,Mohamed Ridha EL OUNI

期刊论文

Influence of short chain ceramides and lipophilic penetration enhancers on the nano-structure of stratum

Annett SCHROETER, Tanja ENGELBRECHT, Reinhard H. H. NEUBERT

期刊论文

Study of mechanism of activating flux increasing weld penetration of AC A-TIG welding for aluminum alloy

HUANG Yong, FAN Ding, FAN Qinghua

期刊论文

NIG-AP：一种自动化渗透测试新方法

Tian-yang ZHOU, Yi-chao ZANG, Jun-hu ZHU, Qing-xian WANG

期刊论文

人工神经网络在弹体侵彻混凝土深度中的应用

李建光,李永池,王玉岚

期刊论文

between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration

Chunyan QUAN,Wei WANG,Jian ZHOU,Rong WANG

期刊论文

Prediction of the shear wave velocity

Amoroso SARA

期刊论文

Nanoparticle-enhanced coolants in machining: mechanism, application, and prospects

期刊论文

A review on the application of nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

期刊论文

Generation of enhanced stability of SnO/In(OH)/InP for photocatalytic water splitting by SnO protection

期刊论文

CO, N, and CO/N mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO geological storage

期刊论文

A MYB-INDUCED MECHANISM FOR ENHANCED ASCORBATE IN RED-FLESHED APPLES

Richard V. ESPLEY, Kuilin WANG

期刊论文